Electric Power Transmission And Distribution By S Sivanagaraju Pdf
At present, the electric power system is getting bigger and more complex, and its loading is also increasing. As a consequence, planning, operation, and control of the power system also become more complicated. It is known that system planning and operation are mostly based on the steady-state condition of the power system, and the system steady-state condition can only be determined from the load flow study. Thus, the development of a reliable and efficient method to solve the load flow problem is necessary so that the system steady-state condition can properly be evaluated. Since the characteristics of the electric distribution system are different from those of the transmission system, special treatments are usually required in the distribution system load flow (DSLF) analysis. In this context, several interesting techniques have been proposed in the analysis. In this paper, the application and extension of the trust-region method to solve the three-phase DSLF problem are proposed and investigated. Case studies using 19-node, 25-node, and 123-node distribution systems are also given in this paper. Results of the studies show that the output values obtained by the proposed method are in excellent agreement with those obtained by previously published methods. These results confirm the validity of the proposed method. Case study results also indicate that the proposed method has better computational performances than the forward/backward sweeping (FBS) method.
Electric Power Transmission And Distribution By S Sivanagaraju Pdf
Load flow (or power flow) analysis is basically a solution for the normal operating conditions of a power system. The results of load flow analysis are normally used for system planning, basis data in the operational stage, and electric power system operation and control. Results obtained from load flow studies are also used for system steady-state studies, optimum scheduling of power generation, and system dynamic or stability studies. The significance of load flow analysis has attracted the attention of many engineers for several decades. Many researchers have spent much of their professional careers looking for solutions to load flow problems. A number of efforts that have been made to solve the load flow problem have produced a number of methods reported in many technical publications [1].
Load flow problem is usually solved using node analysis where the admittance matrix is frequently used in the analysis. In terms of node quantities, the behavior of a three-phase electric power distribution system can be explained using the following relationship:where Iabc is the vector of nodal currents, Vabc is the vector of nodal voltages, and Yabc is the system admittance matrix.
Load flow analysis is basically a solution for the normal operating conditions of an electric power system. In general, the results of load flow calculation are used for power system planning, basis data in the operational stage, and power system operation and control. In the present paper, the trust-region method has been investigated and proposed to solve the load flow problem of the three-phase unbalanced electric power distribution system. The trust-region method is commonly used to solve the optimization problem. However, this method can be used as a technique to solve nonlinear equation systems arising from the load flow problem formulation. SpecialB treatments that are usually required in the distribution system load flow (DSLF) analysis are not needed in the proposed method. Moreover, the method can always obtain a solution even if the system is ill-conditioned. Case studies using 19-node, 25-node, and 123-node distribution systems have also been given in this paper. Results of the studies show that the output values obtained by the proposed method are in excellent agreement with those obtained by the previously published method. These results confirm the validity of the proposed method for solving the three-phase unbalanced DSLF problem. Case study results also indicate that the proposed method has better computational performances than the FBS method. In future work, the extension of the method so that it can be implemented in distribution system with distributed energy resources (DERs) can be investigated. This is probably an interesting topic since the penetration of DERs in the distribution network is presently increasing, which complicates the system load flow analysis.
Chapter 1 introduces the traditional sources of electrical power and explains in regards to the load forecasting and its numerous elements, the assorted ranges of energy transmission, and the necessity in addition to the motivation for restructuring the facility business. 041b061a72