Software Nemoceph 13 BETTER
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Aim: To evaluate the relationship between palatal bone height and facial types using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Methods: The study sample consisted of 110 CBCT images. Subjects aged 18 to 35 years old were classified as brachyfacial, mesofacial and dolichofacial, according to SN.GoGn angle, measured in cephalometric analysis with Nemotec 3D software. Three observers evaluated the bone height of the palate in the anterior region, at the level of the maxillary first premolars. The measurements were performed in sagittal and coronal views, in median and paramedian regions of the palate, also using Nemotec 3D software. Measurements were repeated after 15 days on 25% of the sample to analyse intra and interobserver agreements by CCI test. Analysis of variance was performed to calculate statistical differences between the bone heights of the three facial types, with a significance level of 5%. Results: The correlation level of intra-observer agreement was excellent. No significant differences were observed between the palatal bone height in the region of first premolars and the different facial types (p>0.05). Conclusions: Based on CBCT evaluations, there is no association between palatal bone height and facial morphological patterns.
For bone height assessment, linear measurements were performed in sagittal and coronal planes, using the ruler tool of the software, creating measures superimposed to the orientation line of the planes, predetermined on the axial view as described before.
Abstract:Cephalometric analysis is an excellent instrument in clinical diagnosis, treatment, and recovery from surgery. Nowadays, efforts to develop computerized dental X-ray image Cephalometric analysis systems for clinical and education usages. Much commercial software is created, but its high cost is unaffordable for some undergraduate students or low-income medical institutions; sure, the best option is the use of open source software alternatives. The study aimed to design free software Cephalopoint that applies vector algebra to perform the accuracy and precision of Cephalometric analysis. Three tests were used to validate the measurements made: accuracy test, consisting of comparing three selected cases and reply 32 times using the manual and software technique measurement; time test, consisted in obtaining the average time used to complete manual and software techniques of the previous test; and statistical test, consisted of measuring and applying the statistical analysis of 42 random cases for each method only using the software technique. The results showed high repeatability and no significant difference between manual tracing and software techniques. All the variables calculated with the software technique exhibited a normal distribution. Cephalopoint is excellent software for accurate and precise Cephalometric measurements. Moreover, it significantly decreased the measurement time compared with the manual.Keywords: clinical analysis; software validation; Cephalometry
Materials and Methods: Thirty-nine boys and 34 girls (mean age 10.37, SD = 0.52) of Polish ethnicity were selected based on the following criteria: Class I molar relationship, lack of crossbite or scissor-bite, positive overjet and overbite less than 5 mm, adequate amount of space in both dental arches, no visible asymmetry, and good facial proportions. Lateral cephalograms of each subject were scanned and analyzed with the use of NemoCeph NX2005 software. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) were calculated for all measured variables. Independent t-tests were performed to assess the intergender differences. The results were compared to the published norms of other white populations. Normative data were presented in the tables.
Landmark identification is of utmost importance in cephalometric analysis but it turns out to be the main source of error. With modern inventions in the field of artificial intelligence (AI), it becomes essential to assess the reliability of computer-automated programs. A greater deal of time can be conserved with fully automated programs such as WebCeph, which uses an AI-based algorithm that performs automated and immediate cephalometric analysis. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy, reliability, and duration of tracing cephalometric radiographs with WebCeph, an AI-based software in comparison to digital tracing with FACAD and manual tracing. The null hypothesis proposed is that there is no statistically significant difference among the three methods with regard to accuracy of cephalometric analysis.
In this case report, the feasibility and precision of tridimensional (3D) virtual planning in one patient with craniofacial microsomia is tested using Nemoceph 3D-OS software (Software Nemotec SL, Madrid, Spain) to predict postoperative outcomes on hard tissue and produce CAD/CAM (Computer Aided Design/Computer Aided Manufacturing) surgical splints.
The reported case confirms the clinical feasibility of the described computer-assisted orthognathic surgical protocol. Further progress in the development of technologies for 3D image acquisition and improvements on software programs to simulate postoperative changes on soft tissue are required.
neste relato de caso, de um paciente com microssomia craniofacial, testou-se a viabilidade e a precisão do planejamento virtual tridimensional (3D) utilizando o software Nemoceph 3D-OS (Software Nemotec SL, Madri, Espanha) para prever os resultados pós-operatórios em tecidos duros e produzir splints cirúrgicos CAD/CAM.
o caso relatado no presente estudo confirma a viabilidade clínica do protocolo descrito de cirúrgica ortognática assistida por computador. Porém, ainda se faz necessária uma maior evolução no desenvolvimento de tecnologias para a aquisição de imagens 3D e nos softwares que simulam as alterações pós-operatórias nos tecidos moles.
Comprehensive visualization and records of the craniofacial complex are important goals in orthodontic imaging which have been conventionally achieved by means of plaster dental casts, photographs and radiographs. However, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has gained considerable acclaim worldwide as a viable tridimensional (3D) imaging modality.1 CBCT is a medical image acquisition technique based on a cone-shaped X-ray beam centered on a two-dimensional (2D) detector. The scanning software collects the raw image data and reconstructs them into a 3D data set.2 Whenever it is necessary to comprise the whole craniofacial region in the study, as in cases of cephalometry analyses, a large field of view (FOV) must be selected, which, according to the American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology,3 captures a spherical volume diameter or cylinder height greater than 15 cm.
As a result of developments in 3D imaging technology, surgeons are provided with extra information that could not be obtained from lateral cephalogram alone, thus improving the quality of preoperative planning.8,10 Multiple software programs are available for 3D planning, allowing an interaction with 3D images to simulate surgery and visualize the prediction of postoperative outcomes in soft and hard tissues. Surgical splints, manufactured using computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology, have been developed to avoid errors in the traditional model process that can lead to suboptimal outcomes.6,8
In this case report, the feasibility and precision of 3D virtual planning in one patient with craniofacial microsomia is tested using Nemoceph 3D-OS software (Software Nemotec SL, Madrid, Spain) to predict postoperative outcomes on hard tissue and produce CAD/CAM surgical splints.
Two CBCT scans were obtained: one preoperative (two months prior to orthognathic surgery) and one postoperative (one month after surgery), using the i-CATTM device, version 17-19 (Imaging Sciences International, Hatfield, Pa, USA) with a FOV set to a height of 17 cm and a diameter of 23 cm. The radiological parameters used were 120 kV of tube voltage, 5 mA of tube current and exposure of 37.10 mAs, with a voxel size of 0.3 x 0.3 x 0.3 mm. The images obtained using CBCT were stored in DICOM format and sent to Nemotec CAD/CAM Centre (Centro Integrado Investigación, Madrid, Spain) together with patient's dental plaster casts and digital facial photographs (frontal, oblique and lateral). Upper and lower dental plaster casts were scanned using a surface laser scanner and incorporated in the 3D image by means of a semi-automatic procedure (Fig 4). Segmentation and conversion from DICOM to 3D images were carried out using Nemoceph 3D-OS software.
Measurements were performed in the 3D simulation using Nemoceph 3D-OS software for assessment of quantitative changes between the preoperative and the postoperative simulated positions of selected dental and bone landmarks (Fig 11A). A fully automated voxel-based registration was computed by the open-source software 3D Slicer 4.1 (The Slicer Community) that optimally aligned pre- and postoperative CBCT's at the cranial base surface, as these structures are not altered by surgery (Fig 11B). The same measurements were performed in this image set to assess the difference between preoperative and actual postoperative positions of the same dental and bone landmarks, using the open-source software 3D Slicer 3.6 (The Slicer Community). Linear measurements obtained (Table 1) demonstrate the displacement of some selected landmarks from the preoperative situation to the postoperative outcome (predicted in the 3D surgical simulation and actually obtained after surgery). These measurements were performed in the X-axis (depth), Y-axis (width, deviation) and Z-axis (height), for dental landmarks (incisal edge of #11, 41; cusp tip of #13, 23, 33, 43; mesiobuccal cusp of 16, 26, 36, 46) and bone landmarks (Pogonion, Anterior Nasal Spine and Posterior Nasal Spine) (Fig 12). At the time of the second CBCT acquisition, there was still some postoperative soft tissue swelling, and since the software used does not provide soft tissue simulation, the evaluation of the outcomes was only performed for hard tissues. 153554b96e
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